2 Margaret Duckett, Mark Twain and Bret Harte (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1964), 25 ; Mark Twain, The Autobiography of Mark Twain, ed. Charles Neider (London : Chatto & Windus, 1960), 147-148 ; Mark Twin, Mark Twain's Notebook, ed. Albert Bigelow Paine (New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1935), 55 ; Mark Twain, Traveling with the Innocents Abroad, ed. Daniel Morley McKeithan (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1958), vii. Although all these references refer to Clemens's visit to his mother and sister they differ as to whether he visited other relatives at the same time.
3 "Reporting the Holy Land Excursion." [http://etext.virginia.edu/railton/innocent/altahome.html].
4 Mark Twain, The Innocents Abroad (New York: Signet Classic, 1966), 486.
5 The recorded number of letters actually sent to the Daily Alta California varies, depending on what source is used. Even Clemens could not seem to get it straight. In Traveling with the Innocents Abroad, edited by Daniel Morley McKeithan (ix), the number of letters sent to the newspaper was fifty. Justin Kaplan, in Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain (61), quoted Clemens as saying fifty-two or fifty-threes letters were sent to the newspaper, but in the Autobiography of Mark Twain, edited by Charles Neider, Clemens said he wrote fifty letters to the newspaper. This inconsistency maybe due to the differences in time. The Kaplan citation was from a letter sent by Clemens to his publisher shortly after his trip and Clemens's autobiography was dictated in 1906. Clemens's memory could have been faulty in 1906, because Clemens was bed-ridden at the time.
6 Twain, The Autobiography, ed. Neider, 149; Mark Twain, The Autobiography of Mark Twain, ed. Albert Bigelow Paine (New York: Harper & Brothers Publisher, 1935), 245.
7 Twain, The Autobiography, ed. Neider, 183; Duckett, Bret Hart, 148; Twain, Traveling with, ed. McKeithan, ix.
8 Twain, The Autobiography, ed. Neider, 174; Kaplan, Mr. Clemens, 65-65; Edith Colgate Salsbury, ed. , Susy and Mark Twain (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1965), 3. There is an incongruity between these books as to who invited Clemens to the diner, and when Clemens accompanied Olivia to Dickens's recital. In Neider's edited book, the series of events could have happened all in the same night, and Clemens accompanied the whole family to Dickens's recital. However, in Kaplan's book, Clemens ate with the Langdons on December 27, 1867 and accompanied Olivia to Dickens's recital on December 30, 1867. Using documents provided by Clemens's estate, Salsbury leads the reader to believe that Clemens just ate dinner with the Langdons and did not see Olivia for another five days, which would have been until the next year. The differences in accounts could be attributed to the sources used. Neider has access to documents at the Berkeley Library, whereas the other authors did not use the library sources. Kaplan cites Neider's work but does not get it right, possibly he used another source. It is unclear which source he used, because he did not use footnotes. Salsbury relied primarily on Clemens's papers and sources such as Paine's Autobiography of Mark Twain. Again, Salsbury does not use footnotes, so it is hard to determine which source the author used for her information.
9Twain, The Autobiography, ed. Neider, 183, 190, 213.
10 Rodney Castleden, World History: A Chronological Dictionary of Dates (New York: Shooting Star Press Inc.), 463.
11 John P. McKay, Bennett D. Hill, John Buckler, A History of World Societies, 4th ed. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1996), 883-906.
12 Twain, The Innocents, 252-53
13 Ibid., 437.
14 Yehoshua, Ben- Arieh, Jerusalem in the Nineteenth Century (New York: Gefen Publishing, 1993), 249.
15 Martin Gilbert, Jerusalem: Rebirth of a City (New York: Viking, 1985), 89.
16 Twain, The Innocents, 421.
17 Mark Twain, Mark Twain's Notebook and Journals, eds. Frederick Anderson, Michael B. Frank, and Kenneth M. Sanderson, vol. 1 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975), 435
18 "The Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem - Historical Photographs, part 1." [http://www.birzeit.edu/palnews/sepulchre/links. html].
19 Twain, The Innocents, 419.
20 Rashi, trans. Maurice Liber Szold (Jewish Publication Society, 1906), 68-69.
21 "Church of the Holy Sepulchre." [http://jeru.huji.ac.il/ef31.html]
22 Twain, Twain's Notebook, ed. Paine, 98; Twain, Mark Twain's , eds. Anderson, Frank, and Sanderson, 435.
23 Twain, Traveling with, ed. McKeithan, 270-272; Twain, Innocents, 1966, 419-420; Innocents, 1911, 303-304; Innocents, 1958, 428-429.
24 Twain, Twain's Notebook, ed. Paine, 98; Twain, Mark Twain's , eds. Anderson, Frank, and Sanderson, 435.
25 Ibid., vii; ix-xi.
26 While looking for the original letters sent to the Daily Alta California, I found a site that dealt with these letters. The letter number listed at the site and those contained in the book Travelers with the Innocents Abroad differed. I e-mailed the sites owner, Dr. Railton of Virginia State, and asked if the professor could explain why the letter numbered in forty-six in the book was numbered forty-four on his site. He said that the discrepancy may be due to the numbering system used by the book. The book may have included the letters sent to the New York papers. I checked the numbering system in the book and concluded his assumption to be in error. I e-mailed the results of my efforts and he replied that if he was in error, he would make the necessary changes.
27 Twain, Traveling with, ed. McKeithan, 273-274; Twain, Innocents, 1966, 421-422; Innocents, 1911, 306-307; Innocents, 1958, 430-431.
28 Twain, Twain's Notebook, ed. Paine, ix.
29 Twain, The Autobiography, 159-160.